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Posture : Definition
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Posture > Definition -
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a) Posture disequilibrium. If our posture
muscles show tension dissymetries, this leads to a posture
disequilibrium that can be seen. The body swings around its
vertical and horizontal axes, what causes deviations and rotations in
profile or frontal plans. In the frontal plan, disequilibria
most commonly checked are :
 | Homo-lateral deviations, right shoulder and right hip leaning
rightwards, left shoulder and left hip leaning leftwards |
| Contro-lateral deviations, right shoulder leaning
rightwards and left hip leaning leftwards and vice-versa. |
In the horizontal plan, disequilibria most commonly checked
are shoulder rotations.
From side view, most common disequilibria are :
| An increase of the lumbar or cervical curves. |
| A posterior shoulder plan, with the shoulder plan behind the
buttocks plan. |
| An anterior shoulder plan, with the shoulder plan on front of
the buttocks plan. It is the most painful situation. |
| A flat back, the shoulder and buttocks plans are aligned, but
lumbar and cervical curves almost disappear.
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b) Balanced posture. 7% of the population
show a balanced posture. For these people, the tonic muscles tension
is balanced. The joint axes are correctly positioned, the joint ratios
are harmonious.
When seen in front, the
criteria of horizontal lines are used to define a correct posture :
| A bi-pupil horizontal line. |
| A bi-acromial horizontal line. |
| A bi-iliac horizontal line. |
| A bi-styloïde horizontal line. |
| A bi-kneecap horizontal line. |
In the horizontal plan, the criteria of no shoulder rotation from
top is used.
From side view, a balanced posture is defined
when the earlobe, tip of the shoulder,
hip joint and outside bump (malleolus) of the ankle all lined up on a
plumb line. The center of the knee is slightly in front of that line. In
a precise way :
| The buttock and shoulder plan are aligned. |
| A cervical curve of 4 fingers. |
| A lumbar curve of 3 fingers. |
| A theoretical vertical going through the C2 odontoïde apophysis
and the L3 body, being aligned at the center of the feet
sustentation polygon. |
| In radiological terms, the L3 vertebrae is horizontal and the
angle between L5 vertebrae plan and the sacrum is 32°. |
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